India’s venture capital story is being rewritten. The capital that once chased consumer internet growth at any cost is now flowing toward deep engineering, sovereign technology, and industrial capability. Ajay Modi, Director at Piper Serica, has been at the center of this shift. His firm’s portfolio spans laser space communication, edge AI chips, underwater robotics, airport operating systems, and India’s first resonance-based rocket ignition system.
In this exclusive conversation with Analytics Insight, Modi breaks down why deeptech has become the defining investment theme of India’s next economic cycle and what it takes to build companies that matter inside strategic industries.
How Venture Capital Priorities Are Evolving in India
Indian tech startups raised about $7.4 billion in 2024, up 23 percent from 2023, with deeptech alone drawing around $1.6 billion and growing roughly 78 percent in a year. Nasscom and Zinnov now count more than 4,000 deeptech startups within a base of 32,000–35,000 tech ventures.
Piper Serica’s Fund I has backed over 33 companies across deeptech, spacetech, defence, semiconductors, fintech infrastructure, and mobility. Newer deals concentrate in IP-led hardware, firmware, and system software. First founder meetings now open with orbit plans, chip architectures, or reliability data—not only GMV charts.
This shift follows a reset after the 2020–2021 liquidity cycle, when capital largely chased consumer internet businesses that scaled fast on subsidies and marketing. Investors saw that scale without defensible capability created fragile companies once acquisition costs rose and capital tightened. Deeptech has become a clear winner from this correction.
What Drives Interest in Spacetech, Semiconductors, Robotics, Defence, and Precision Manufacturing?
Investor interest in these sectors rises where three lines meet: national policy support, large end demand, and a rewiring of global supply chains. India’s space economy stands near $8–8.5 billion and targets $40–45 billion by the early 2030s. More than 400 space startups have attracted over $500 million. In semiconductors and electronics, the Semicon India and component PLI stack targets around $300 billion of electronics output with deeper local value addition.
On the talent side, founders now come from ISRO, DRDO, global chip companies, and top IIT labs. Piper Serica’s portfolio reflects this mix across spacetech, chip design, mobility electronics, cyber security, and industrial software.
How India’s Manufacturing and Self-Reliance Push Shapes VC Decisions
Electronics output in India has grown from about $10 billion in 2014 to roughly $115 billion today. Local factories now meet close to $110 billion of the $140 billion of domestic demand. Programmes like iDEX and IN-SPACe’s Technology Adoption Fund lower early revenue risk and lengthen runway for hardware and industrial companies.
Piper Serica now treats such programs almost like demand pipelines. For venture investors, capital is shifting from funding user acquisition to funding companies that can become long-term infrastructure layers inside strategic industries.
Opportunities in Aviation, Infrastructure, Electronics Systems, and Advanced Industrial Tech
The next three to five years can be India’s most important industrial buildout in decades. In aviation, real value will sit in software and airport tech. At Chennai airport, Piper Serica’s portfolio company Blunav cut runway occupancy time by 22 percent across more than 3,500 flights. Electronics systems offer a second wave, while robotics, industrial AI, and autonomous inspection represent a third wave. The most valuable companies may be those hidden inside supply chains, compounding quietly through efficiency.
How Evaluation Frameworks Differ for Industrial and Deeptech vs. Consumer
Consumer investing focuses on speed and metrics like CAC, retention, and growth rate. Tech investing is engineering-led—investors test whether the core system works, is defensible, and runs reliably in demanding real-world settings. Diligence goes into IP strength, field reliability, manufacturing repeatability, regulatory paths, certifications, and integration risk. Timelines differ: consumer products can ship in weeks; deeptech teams may spend years hardening hardware and software. Competitive moats come from engineering depth and long contracts embedded inside customer operations.
Technology Depth and Industrial Relevance Over Scale-Focused Growth
India’s “easy growth” phase is over. Profitability, resilience, and defensibility sit at the centre of investment debates. Thrustworks Dynetics, a Piper Serica portfolio company, test-fired India’s first resonance-based rocket ignition system with only about ₹7 crore of seed funding—a sharp example of deep hardware success. Scale still matters, but the most sought-after companies now pair scale with hard engineering, proprietary systems, and real industrial relevance.