Tag: machine learning

  • Murakkab: New System Cuts AI Agent Energy Use and Cost by Over 70%

    Murakkab: New System Cuts AI Agent Energy Use and Cost by Over 70%

    Agentic workflows — AI-powered software systems that chain multiple models and tools to complete complex tasks — are becoming the backbone of cloud computing. But their fragmented design often wastes computation, energy, and money. Researchers from MIT and Microsoft have developed a new system called Murakkab that streamlines the design and deployment of these workflows, automatically optimizing them for speed, energy efficiency, and cost.

    With Murakkab, developers describe their application’s goal in plain language, and the system automatically selects the best AI models, tools, hardware configurations, and resource allocations. It adjusts these on the fly based on user priorities, such as minimizing costs or maximizing speed. In tests, Murakkab used only about 35% of the computation, 27% of the energy, and under 25% of the cost compared to traditional methods — without sacrificing performance.

    “Agentic workflows are getting very complicated and quickly becoming the backbone of what cloud providers are doing,” says Gohar Chaudhry, an MIT EECS graduate student and lead author of the paper presented at USENIX OSDI. “Energy usage is a huge concern, so we need to be very careful about how efficient these workflows are.”

    Murakkab also adapts dynamically when new models or hardware become available, eliminating the need for developers to manually reconfigure their systems. The researchers plan to expand the system to more complex workflows and larger computing clusters.

  • Two LLMs Team Up to Help Robots Interpret Vague Instructions and Prioritize What Matters

    Two LLMs Team Up to Help Robots Interpret Vague Instructions and Prioritize What Matters

    Researchers at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) have developed a new method that uses two large language models (LLMs) to help robots understand ambiguous instructions and focus on key details. The approach, called Masked Inverse Reinforcement Learning (Masked IRL), reduces the amount of demonstration data needed to teach a robot by nearly five times, while improving the robot’s ability to infer unspoken user preferences.

    Traditional robot training often requires either extensive physical demonstrations or detailed written instructions. Masked IRL automates the process: first, one LLM clarifies ambiguous prompts (e.g., turning “stay close” into “stay close to the surface of the table”) by comparing a user’s demonstration trajectory to the shortest possible path. Then a second LLM evaluates the environment and “masks” irrelevant details – such as a person leaning on a table – while highlighting critical ones like obstacles to avoid. The robot then uses these prioritized details to generate a safe motion plan.

    In experiments, the system correctly identified unstated user preferences up to 15 percent more often than comparable baselines. Real-world tests showed a robotic arm successfully moving a coffee mug around a laptop, wiping a table while “staying close” to it, and handing a user a bag of chips while “staying away” from both the person and the table – all after fewer than 50 kinesthetic demonstrations.

    The team plans to enhance Masked IRL with camera input, allowing robots to visually focus on relevant objects in dynamic environments. The work was supported by the Tata Group via the MIT Generative AI Impact Consortium Award and the Department of Defense, and will be presented at the 2026 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

  • Recent Breakthroughs from MIT Schwarzman College of Computing: AI, Robotics, and Beyond

    Recent Breakthroughs from MIT Schwarzman College of Computing: AI, Robotics, and Beyond

    The MIT Schwarzman College of Computing continues to drive innovation across artificial intelligence, robotics, quantum computing, and more. Here are some of the latest developments from MIT researchers and affiliates.

    LLMs Help Robots Understand Vague Instructions

    MIT researchers have developed a method using two language models: one to clarify user instructions and another to ignore irrelevant details, enabling robots to perform chores in homes and factories more effectively. (June 26, 2026)

    Exploring How Curiosity-Driven Science Fuels American Success

    Scientific American highlights the history and future of America’s scientific engine, featuring promising young scientists and icons at MIT and beyond. (June 25, 2026)

    Summer 2026 Recommended Reading from MIT

    Enjoy these recent titles from Institute faculty and staff. (June 25, 2026)

    Improving Speed and Energy-Efficiency of AI Agents

    A new system called Murakkab optimizes the design and deployment of multistep workflows that power AI applications. (June 25, 2026)

    Exploring the Societal Impacts of AI

    During the AI and Society Forum, leading MIT researchers examined critical questions about AI’s influence on employment and democracy. (June 23, 2026)

    New Chip Helps Tiny Robots Navigate Complex Environments

    Researchers combined an efficient algorithm with dedicated hardware to rapidly generate 3D maps for navigation using minimal memory and power. (June 23, 2026)

    QS Ranks MIT World’s No. 1 University for 2026-27

    Ranking at the top for the 15th consecutive year, the Institute also places first in 12 subject areas. (June 17, 2026)

    In Game Theory, Generalists Sometimes Win Out Over Specialists

    Researchers show that for certain kinds of games, an overlooked class of algorithms performs much better than expected. (June 17, 2026)

    Could AI Tell You Where You Left Your Keys?

    A new spatial memory system for robots efficiently captures details about the objects they see while exploring their environment. (June 17, 2026)

    The Tenured Engineers of 2026

    Ten faculty members have been granted tenure in five units across MIT’s School of Engineering. (June 15, 2026)

    How to Create Distinguishable States for Quantum Systems

    Researchers establish key insights for reading and writing information for quantum sensing, communication, computing, and control. (June 15, 2026)

    When It Comes to Predicting People’s Preferences, It Pays to Consider “The Power of Three”

    MIT researchers provide a major upgrade to the nearly century-old idea of random utility models. (June 11, 2026)

    MIT Affiliates Win 2026 Hertz Foundation Fellowships

    The fellowships in applied sciences, engineering, and mathematics recognize doctoral students pursuing solutions to pressing challenges. (June 11, 2026)

    To Study How Chips Really Work, MIT Researchers Built Their Own Operating System

    A new kernel called Fractal gives researchers a cleaner view of what’s happening inside a processor, and has already surfaced previously unknown behavior in Apple’s M1. (June 10, 2026)

    3D-Printed Devices Could Streamline Production of Drug-Delivery Microparticles

    The cost-effective devices, built in hours, leverage electrospray emitter technology to efficiently produce three-layered particles at scale. (June 9, 2026)

  • MIT Media Lab: Cutting-Edge Research at the Intersection of Technology, Innovation, and Society

    MIT Media Lab: Cutting-Edge Research at the Intersection of Technology, Innovation, and Society

    The MIT Media Lab stands as one of the world’s premier research institutions, where technology, media, science, and art converge to drive innovation. With a diverse portfolio spanning from augmented reality in healthcare to the ethics of AI, the Lab continuously pushes boundaries to solve real-world challenges.

    Augmented Reality System Could Make Medical Ultrasounds Easier to Interpret

    MIT researchers have designed an ultrasound system that creates a real-time 3D representation of the object being imaged, offering clearer visualization for medical professionals. This breakthrough could transform diagnostic procedures and improve patient outcomes.

    The Consequences of Relying on AI for Accurate News

    A Media Lab study reveals that, much like how GPS has weakened our navigation skills, AI can make us worse at detecting fake news. The research underscores the critical need for human oversight in information consumption.

    The Crucial Human Component in Computing and AI

    The MIT Ethics of Computing Research Symposium brought together experts and researchers working at the heart of ethical and social impact in technology. Discussions emphasized the importance of embedding human values into technological development.

    Startup Helps Retailers Track Their Products in Real-Time

    Using technology invented at MIT, Cartesian’s system for locating objects could also find uses in manufacturing, logistics, and robotics. This innovation enables real-time inventory management and operational efficiency.

    PATH to Boost AI Training and Career Opportunities for Industry-Aligned Jobs

    MIT RAISE and Georgia State University announce an initiative to connect universities, community colleges, industry, and government to expand industry-aligned AI training and career pathways, addressing the growing demand for skilled AI professionals.

    Tod Machover Receives George Peabody Medal for Contributions to Music and Technology

    The George Peabody Medal is the highest honor bestowed by the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University, recognizing Machover’s pioneering work at the intersection of music and technology.

    Alejandro Aravena Urges School of Architecture and Planning Graduates to Lead with Kindness, Honor the Truth

    “All of us need to feel we are valuable,” says the SA+P Commencement speaker, a Chilean architect and Pritzker Prize winner. His address inspired graduates to prioritize humanity in their professional endeavors.

    Eleven from MIT Accept 2026 Fulbright Awards

    This year, over half of MIT’s Fulbright applicants won awards. The current students and alumni will embark on research projects and teaching abroad in 2026-27, fostering global collaboration.

    Bridging Real Human Movement with Digital Technology

    MIT.nano Immersion Lab collaborates with Emerson College students to advance the art of virtual production, combining human motion capture with digital environments for creative applications.

    Mapping the Ocean with Autonomous Sensors

    Founded by Ravi Pappu SM ’95, PhD ’01, Apeiron Labs is deploying low-cost ocean sensors to improve storm forecasts, detect endangered species, and more, demonstrating how technology can aid environmental monitoring.

    Celebrating Dorm-to-Market Social Entrepreneurship at MIT

    At the 25th IDEAS Social Innovation Incubator Showcase and Awards, 21 student-led ventures joined 1,200 alumni-led ventures tackling the world’s most pressing problems through social entrepreneurship, highlighting MIT’s commitment to impact-driven innovation.

    A New Type of Electrically Driven Artificial Muscle Fiber

    Electrofluidic fibers mimic how natural muscle fibers bundle, and could enable compact, silent robotic and prosthetic systems, opening new possibilities in assistive technology.

    Turning Muscles into Motors Gives Static Organs New Life

    A new biohybrid system developed at MIT is the first living implant that uses rewired nerves to revive paralyzed organs, offering hope for patients with organ failure.

    Lasers, Robots, Action: MIT Workshop Explores Raman Spectroscopy

    Participants learn how laser “fingerprinting” can help identify materials in fields ranging from law enforcement to art restoration, showcasing the versatility of spectroscopic techniques.

    Generative AI Improves a Wireless Vision System That Sees Through Obstructions

    With this new technique, a robot could more accurately detect hidden objects or understand an indoor scene using reflected Wi-Fi signals, advancing capabilities in autonomous navigation and security.

  • Checkout.com Adopts Microsoft Azure to Fuel AI-Powered Payments and Agentic Commerce

    Checkout.com Adopts Microsoft Azure to Fuel AI-Powered Payments and Agentic Commerce

    Checkout.com has announced a multi-year agreement with Microsoft to migrate its payment infrastructure to Azure cloud services, positioning both companies for the rise of agentic commerce—where AI agents complete transactions without human intervention.

    Azure Infrastructure for AI-Driven Payments

    The payments provider will leverage Azure’s cloud infrastructure to process digital payments for enterprise merchants including eBay, ASOS, Vinted, Pinterest, and Klarna. Central to the migration is Azure Payment HSM, which uses Thales payShield 10K hardware security modules meeting PCI DSS, PCI 3DS, and PCI PIN certifications, along with FIPS 140-2 Level 3 security.

    Mariano Albera, CTO of Checkout.com, stated: “We’re thrilled to collaborate with Microsoft and adopt Azure, bringing this mission-critical platform into our technology stack. The Azure platform has leading machine learning capabilities—and Microsoft has long been a pioneer of embedding trust into every layer of cloud innovation.”

    Machine Learning Optimizes Transaction Acceptance

    Checkout.com already uses machine learning to improve transaction acceptance rates in real time. Its Intelligent Acceptance feature analyzes payment data, adjusts strategies, and applies successful optimizations across all merchants, creating network effects that reduce declines and processing costs. Azure’s ML capabilities will integrate with this existing AI engine, and Azure’s confidential computing solutions enhance fraud prevention and risk assessment.

    Preparing for Agentic Commerce

    The partnership aims to prepare for a future where AI systems search products, compare options, and complete purchases based on user preferences without human oversight. This requires payment infrastructure capable of handling high volumes of machine-initiated transactions with minimal latency and robust security.

    Tyler Pichach, Global Head of Payments at Microsoft Financial Services, commented: “The payments industry is a constant source of AI-powered innovation and by collaborating with Microsoft, Checkout.com will be able to further enhance payment performance for merchants around the world.”

    Albera added: “Our combined commitment to relentless innovation sets merchants up for success, enabling them to explore and embrace the agentic commerce models where AI agents search and shop on behalf of consumers.”

  • Mount Sinai Uses AI to Detect Pregnancy Risks Earlier, From Preconception to Ultrasound

    Mount Sinai Uses AI to Detect Pregnancy Risks Earlier, From Preconception to Ultrasound

    Mount Sinai, a leading US teaching hospital, is pioneering artificial intelligence tools to identify pregnancy risks much earlier in the care pathway. The work targets two critical stages: before conception for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and during routine mid-trimester scans for congenital heart defects (CHD). Both conditions carry high morbidity and require intensive resources.

    At the 2026 SMFM Annual Pregnancy Meeting, Mount Sinai specialists presented an AI-assisted workflow for detecting severe CHD from fetal ultrasound and machine learning models that predict PAS risk using preconception electronic medical record (EMR) data. The research also incorporates social vulnerability, gun violence exposure, and labor management signals, pointing toward a more comprehensive, data-informed approach to pregnancy care.

    In a case-control study of 118,890 deliveries from 2013 to 2023, PAS occurred in 0.23% of cases but posed severe maternal morbidity and mortality risks. The AI identified anemia before pregnancy as a previously unrecognized risk factor. Because anemia is potentially modifiable, health systems could intervene through nutritional support, consults, or preconception counseling, aiming to reduce emergency deliveries and enable planned care at specialized hospitals.

    The team trained multiple machine learning models on pre-pregnancy EMR data. An XGBoost model achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.86, outperforming logistic regression at 0.76. Random forest provided the highest sensitivity at 91%, while logistic regression achieved 91% specificity, highlighting trade-offs between catching more cases and triggering fewer false alarms.

    On the imaging side, Mount Sinai West deployed BrightHeart software to enhance fetal ultrasound screening for major CHD. In a study of 200 second-trimester ultrasounds from 11 medical centers across two countries, AI assistance raised detection of major CHD to over 97%, cut reading time by 18%, and increased reader confidence by 19%. The technology is now being evaluated in a real-world prenatal diagnostic center, flagging suspicious findings within standard screening workflows.

    Mount Sinai emphasizes rigorous validation on diverse populations, careful stewardship of large datasets, and continuous monitoring for bias. The institution calls for clear clinical sponsorship with metrics tied to morbidity, cost, and workflow, along with a deliberate plan to scale from single-center pilots to system-wide decision support. By pairing EMR-driven preconception risk prediction for PAS with AI-augmented fetal cardiac imaging, Mount Sinai is redefining when and how pregnancy risk is identified, offering tangible gains in accuracy, efficiency, and care planning.

  • Huawei Deploys Specialized AI Model to Revolutionize Steel Manufacturing in China

    Huawei Deploys Specialized AI Model to Revolutionize Steel Manufacturing in China

    Huawei has taken a leading role in developing Guangxi’s first AI model tailored for the steel industry, introducing the Xuantie Steel Model to optimize production costs and efficiency through advanced neural networks.

    The Xuantie Model represents a major step forward in domain-specific artificial intelligence, being the first large language model designed specifically for the steel manufacturing sector in Guangxi, China. It was created through a collaboration between Guangxi Liuzhou Iron and Steel Group (Liuzhou Steel Group), Huawei, and China Mobile Guangxi Branch. This initiative demonstrates how general-purpose AI architectures can be fine-tuned for specialized industrial applications.

    The technical infrastructure supporting this deployment includes novel AI applications and a dedicated research facility focused on advancing machine learning capabilities within heavy manufacturing environments. Domain-specific large models like Xuantie address a critical challenge in industrial AI: adapting general-purpose architectures to understand the unique constraints, processes, and terminology of specific sectors. The steel industry presents particular technical challenges due to its complex, multi-stage production processes and the need for real-time decision-making under high-temperature, high-pressure conditions.

    Pre-training Architecture and Model Foundations

    The Xuantie Steel Model’s architecture builds upon Huawei’s Pangu foundation models through transfer learning and domain-specific pre-training. According to Li Bin, Chairman of Liuzhou Steel Group, the model implements a 20+N scenario-based model system that encompasses six critical production domains: pre-smelting, steelmaking, steel rolling, logistics, environmental protection, and safety. This modular architecture allows individual sub-models to be optimized for specific tasks while maintaining coherent integration across the production pipeline.

    The technical framework centers on three core computational paradigms: human-AI interaction systems, data processing and analysis capabilities, and manufacturing process optimization. This tripartite structure reflects current best practices in industrial AI deployment, where models must simultaneously interface with human operators, process vast quantities of sensor data, and make autonomous decisions within tightly constrained operational parameters.

    Jiang Wangcheng, Huawei’s Corporate Vice President and CEO of the Oil, Gas & Mining BU, explained during the recent launch that the development leveraged Huawei’s capabilities in AI, high-performance computing, and network connectivity to create a proprietary technological foundation. The integration of these components could enable end-to-end intelligent manufacturing, with large models deployed throughout the production chain rather than isolated to specific processes.

    Neural Networks in Production Environments

    The practical implementation of AI models within Liuzhou Steel Group’s operations reveals sophisticated applications of machine learning across multiple production stages. According to Shen Min, Vice President of Liuzhou Steel Group, 33 distinct AI models have been deployed in steelmaking processes alone. A 5G-enabled intelligent molten iron transportation system demonstrates end-to-end autonomous operation, while an intelligent scheduling model employs reinforcement learning to optimize inter-process coordination, reportedly improving productivity by 8.5%.

    Neural networks applied to basic oxygen furnaces and ladle argon blowing processes have achieved measurable improvements in product quality while reducing raw material consumption. These models likely employ predictive algorithms that analyze real-time sensor data to optimize chemical compositions and thermal profiles, reducing crude steel production costs by approximately CNY 5 (US$0.73) per metric ton.

    The intelligent refining solution represents a hybrid architecture combining mechanistic models—physics-based simulations of metallurgical processes—with AI prediction algorithms and parameter optimization. This approach could address a common limitation of pure machine learning systems: the need for explainability and physical consistency in safety-critical industrial environments. The system has reportedly reduced comprehensive steel costs by CNY 2 (US$0.29) per metric ton.

    Algorithmic Optimization and Future Developments

    Machine learning algorithms have been applied to plate and plywood assembly optimization, where production planning models have increased yield from 1% to 2%. Contract matching automation, achieving more than 90% accuracy, likely employs natural language processing and constraint satisfaction algorithms to align production capabilities with order specifications.

    Shi Mao, CEO of Huawei’s Steel & Non-ferrous BU, outlines a vision for intelligent manufacturing centered on three technical pillars: human-machine trust, multi-machine collaboration, and autonomous synergy. These concepts suggest advanced architectures where multiple AI agents coordinate across production systems with minimal human intervention while maintaining transparency and reliability.

    The Liuzhou Steel AI Research and Innovation Center could serve as a platform for continued model development and ecosystem collaboration. Plans include developing more than 10 high-level industrial agents for production lines and business domains, alongside more than 30 curated industrial datasets. These datasets could prove particularly valuable, as high-quality, domain-specific training data remains a critical bottleneck in industrial AI development.

    The Xuantie Model demonstrates how foundation models can be adapted to highly-specialized domains through careful pre-training, modular architecture design, and integration with existing industrial control systems. As the technology matures, such domain-specific large models could become increasingly prevalent across manufacturing sectors.

  • AIB Debuts AI-Driven Mobile App to Deliver Personalized Financial Insights

    AIB Debuts AI-Driven Mobile App to Deliver Personalized Financial Insights

    Allied Irish Banks (AIB) has launched a completely redesigned mobile banking application, marking what the lender calls its most significant digital channel update in over a decade. The new app, rolling out from late June, leverages machine learning and advanced data analytics to turn everyday transaction data into actionable, personalized financial guidance.

    The upgrade addresses a key industry challenge identified by AIB’s own research: while 76% of Irish adults check their banking app multiple times a week, 47% rarely use it for financial insights. The app aims to close this gap by embedding AI-powered intelligence directly into the user experience, moving beyond basic balance checks and payments.

    Developed over 18 months with extensive customer collaboration and pilot programs, the app introduces intelligent spending categorization, merchant-level analysis, and proactive budget recommendations. Machine learning algorithms analyze transaction histories to surface spending trends, helping users set goals and make more informed decisions. This directly responds to the 31% of consumers who report low confidence in managing their finances and the 24% who find long-term planning frustrating.

    Security remains a cornerstone of the new platform. It integrates passkey authentication, intelligent card controls (including freeze functionality), and what AIB describes as best-in-class cyber security technology — likely leveraging ML for fraud detection and anomaly identification. The bank emphasizes that trust is foundational, supported by secure, resilient technology.

    The app is built on a cloud-based, modular architecture designed for continuous delivery and iterative improvement. This platform approach enables faster deployment of new AI features and positions AIB to compete against a fragmented fintech ecosystem. Upcoming enhancements include tools for children and parents, goal-based savings pots with predictive modeling, and mortgage management with personalized recommendations.

    AIB maintains a hybrid service model with 170 branches and ongoing investment in human support, reflecting that 94% of customers still value access to human assistance. Geraldine Casey, Managing Director of Retail Banking, stated: "This new AIB app is a major step forward in digital innovation and security for our customers, providing the convenience and accessibility of best-in-class banking they can trust." Chief Operating Officer Graham Fagan added: "We’ve built a digital engagement platform that sits beneath the app that is designed to enable us to continuously add to it quarter on quarter."

  • Exploring MIT’s Latest Machine Learning Breakthroughs in Robotics and AI

    Exploring MIT’s Latest Machine Learning Breakthroughs in Robotics and AI

    MIT continues to push the boundaries of machine learning with a series of groundbreaking research developments that span robotics, AI efficiency, material science, and more. Recent projects highlight the institute’s commitment to advancing both theory and practical applications.

    In robotics, researchers have developed a system that leverages large language models to help robots interpret vague instructions and focus on crucial details, improving task performance in homes and factories. Another innovation, known as Murakkab, optimizes multistep AI workflows, enhancing speed and energy efficiency. A new low-power chip enables tiny robots to generate 3D maps for navigation with minimal memory and power consumption.

    Beyond robotics, MIT scientists are modeling metal alloys at atomic scales to predict material properties more accurately, while game theory research shows that generalist algorithms can outperform specialists in certain scenarios. A novel spatial memory system allows robots to efficiently remember object locations, and a major update to random utility models—dubbed ‘the power of three’—improves preference prediction accuracy.

    Commercial applications include a startup using MIT technology for real-time product tracking in retail, manufacturing, and logistics. The NSF has renewed support for the MIT-led Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions (IAIFI), expanding its second phase with increased funding and broader ambitions. Researchers are also teaching AI agents to ask better questions using the game Battleship, and a new dataset called ChartNet enhances vision-language models’ ability to interpret charts.

    Additional milestones include MIT economist Whitney Newey receiving the Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize, new AI chemistry models designed by Connor Coley, and the appointment of Justin Solomon as associate dean of engineering education. MIT Open Learning launched a universal AI education program, making AI fluency accessible worldwide.

    These achievements underscore MIT’s role as a leader in machine learning, driving innovations that shape the future of technology and science.